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The first step cleaves an extracellular domain and is catalyzed by a metalloprotease termed alpha-secretase or TACE. The second cleavage step appears to occur within the transmembrane domain of Notch, and releases a Notch intracellular doman NICD. Beta-catenin is a cytoskeletal component that enters the nucleus to act as a transcriptional cofactor. Phosphorylation of Beta-catenin induces the ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation of beta-catenin by the proteasome.

Non-phosphorylated beta-catenin is stable and enters the nucleus to regulate transcription with TCF. Gene sets represent expression signatures of genetic and chemical perturbations. Gene sets from pathway databases. Usually, these gene sets are canonical representations of a biological process compiled by domain experts.

Gene sets representing potential targets of regulation by transcription factors or microRNAs. The sets consist of genes grouped by elements they share in their non-protein coding regions. The elements represent known or likely cis -regulatory elements in promoters and 3'-UTRs. All miRNA target prediction gene sets.

Combined superset of both miRDB prediction methods and legacy sets. All transcription factor target prediction gene sets. Combined superset of both GTRD prediction methods and legacy sets. Older gene sets that share upstream cis -regulatory motifs which can function as potential transcription factor binding sites. Based on work by Xie et al. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis.

An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Ceramide signaling can act as a lipid second messenger or as a mediator of various cellular signaling pathways by promoting receptor clustering.

The pathway plays important roles in apoptosis. The classical complement pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. It is activated by antigen-bound antibodies. A series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e. The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Erythropoietin EPO signaling is crucial for the production of blood cell or erythropoiesis and also plays important roles in wound healing and responses to neural injury. EPO is a glycoprotein hormone and also a cytokine whose receptor belongs to type I cytokine receptor. The pathway engages the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade. The growth hormone signaling pathway is an important regulator of postnatal development. However, despite many years of research, the molecular mechanism underlying its many actions are incompletely understood.

It is believed that its actions involve direct and indirect routes.