Electrician study guide pdf
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Learn why looking for the key weasel words in the question can help identify the correct answer. The secret to using the contextual clues in the questions and the answer choices to make important distinctions between the right and the wrong answer choices.
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This is a quick way to immediately eliminate one or two of the answer choices and increase your odds of getting the question right. Now, you're probably wondering how and why we can do all the things we claim. Let us explain. Before we go any further, let us clarify what Electrician Exam Secrets is not.
It is not a stale rehash of all of the things you have already learned in the past. Electrician Exam Secrets is our exclusive collection of the tips and the information that we have specially selected to give you the best results on the Electrician Exam for the least time spent studying. It's written in everyday language and is easy to use. We cover the essential skills necessary to do well on the Electrician Exam, plus comprehensive reviews covering all of the essential test sections individually.
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Thank you! Warning: Always Look for These 6 Criteria There is a lot of confusion surrounding studying for the Electrician Exam, and standardized tests in general. In our opinion, these are the 6 criteria you should always look for in a study guide for the Electrician Exam: One: The guide must be written by writers who have painstakingly researched the topics and concepts needed to succeed on the Electrician Exam.
The blind cannot hope to lead the blind. Two: The guide must be written in easy-to-use everyday language so all test takers can access the information. Three: The guide must be to-the-point, with no fluff to distract the test taker from the truly important information. Four: The guide must address the test first, the material second. If the material was the only thing that was important, then every test taker that understood the material should get a perfect score.
That doesn't happen because there's a difference between simply knowing what's on the test and the way you perform on the test.
You want a study guide to close that gap. Five: The guide must motivate the test taker to actually study for the exam. If the guide is hard to read, the time spent studying will be slow and painful, and the results will be meager. Six: The guide must be guaranteed. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser.
Craftsman eBooks are for use in the freely distributed Adobe Reader and are compatible with Reader 5. Get Adobe Reader. National Electrical Code Edition. A soft conversion from inch-pounds to metric measurements is which of the following: a. More accurate b. Less accurate c. Easier to calculate d. In a wiring system that is engineered for selective coordination, which of the following conditions must exist: a.
The upstream overcurrent device shall be less than twice the rating of the downstream overcur- rent device. The upstream overcurrent device contains at least one fast-acting fuse and the downstream over- current device is a circuit breaker.
The downstream device will trip before the upstream device trips. The downstream device will allow an overcurrent condition above its rating to be cleared by the upstream overcurrent device. Chose the answer below that is not an approved means of mounting electrical equipment to a ma- sonry wall: a. Using screws that are driven into wooden plugs in the wall b. Using bolts that are supported by metal plates on the back side c.
Using molly bolts through holes drilled completely through the wall d. Using lag bolts screwed into lead masonry anchors 2. The clear work space on one side of equipment with exposed live parts, which operates at volts nominal or less to ground, and which will require examination, adjustment or maintenance shall be at least which of the following: a.
The floor of a vault for electrical equipment with either a vacant space or additional floors below it shall have a minimum fire resistance of which of the following: a. Circuits with amperes or less, or with 14 AWG to 1 AWG conductors, can only be used for con- ductors rated at which of the following: a. Voltage to ground of , with exposed live parts on one side of the work space and no live or grounded parts on the other side, must have a minimum clear distance of which of the following: a.
One foot b. Two feet c. Three feet d. The work space for equipment must allow degree opening of any equipment doors or hinged panels.
The minimum clear headroom for work space around service equipment, switchboards, panel- boards, or motor control centers must be which of the following: a. The minimum clear working-space depth for equipment over 75 kV nominal volts to ground with exposed live parts on both sides is which of the following: a. High-voltage conductor tunnel installations require metal conduit or metal raceways and which of the following: a.
Type MC cable b. Aluminum conductors c. Copper-clad aluminum conductors d. EMT cable Unused raceway or cable openings in boxes and conduits must be closed so that the protection pro- vided is which of the following: a. At least equal to the protection provided by the wall of the box or conduit b. Equal to the depth of the wall framing c. Greater than the protection provided by the box or conduit alone d.
The elevation for unguarded live parts in a working space for equipment operating between to nominal volts between phases is which of the following: a. Voltage to ground of , with exposed live parts on one side of the work space and grounded parts, such as concrete, brick or tile walls, on the other side must have a minimum clear distance of at least which of the following: a. The fire rating for walls, floors and doors containing equipment over volts nominal shall be a minimum of which of the following: a.
Often, equipment and terminations are labeled with which of the following: a. The initials of the installer b. Service tag c. Tightening torque d. Wiring designations Ventilation system electrical controls shall be installed in manner in which the airflow can be man- aged in which of the following ways: a.
Vented to the outside b. Reversed c. Limited upon demand d. Prevented If the cover for an underground pull box used for circuits over volts is not locked, bolted, or screwed into place, then it must weigh equal to which of the following: a. Entrances to guarded locations containing exposed live parts shall be marked with warnings that are which of the following: a.
Conspicuous b. Universal c. At least 6 inches square d. Red in color In order to be electrically secure prior to soldering, splices must be which of the following: a. Sanded b. Joined mechanically c. Free of rough edges d. Unless otherwise specified, live parts for electrical equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded.
Voltage to ground of with exposed live parts on both sides of the working space must have a clear distance not less than which of the following: a.
When mounting electrical equipment, wooden plugs driven into plaster may be used. Concrete and brick walls are considered which of the following: a. Dry locations b. Insulators c. Wet locations d.
Grounded If a conductor material is not specified in a particular Article or Section, the material shall be assumed to be which of the following: a. Copper b. Aluminum c. Copper-clad aluminum d.
No assumptions shall be made A high-let conductor in a three-phase, 4-wire delta secondary shall be which of the following colors: a. White b. Orange c. Green d. Black Conductor sizes are listed in which of the following: a. Circular mils b. Diameter or thickness c. AWG or millimeters d. Multiple wiring methods may be used within a single wiring system.
Unused raceway openings in auxiliary gutters must be effectively closed. Electrical tape may be used to cover splices and the free ends of conductors. Panelboards and distribution boards may occupy the same space. An unused current transformer that is associated with potentially energized circuits must have an in- dependent grounding connection.
The minimum distance permitted from a fence to enclosed equipment operating at over volts nominal is 5 feet. Entrances to rooms containing equipment with exposed live parts shall be marked with warning signs prohibiting unauthorized personnel from entering. Work spaces around enclosed electric equipment must have access that is at least 2 feet wide by 6 feet high.
False 9. A screen is an acceptable means of separating high-voltage equipment from equipment that operates under volts. In a manhole with equipment that has cables located on both sides, a minimum clear work space of five feet is required. A branch circuit supplies two or more receptacles for lighting or appliances. The power factor is a ratio of the maximum demand of part of a system to the total connected load of that part of the system.
Wires that run behind a finished wall are considered to be concealed. A continuous load is expected to run at maximum current non-stop for 10 hours. A guest room contains living, sleeping, sanitary, and storage facilities: a. An elevator shaft is considered a cableway. Energized conductive elements or components are considered live parts. A string of indoor lights that is suspended between two points is called festoon lighting.
An electrical installation constructed to prevent beating rain from interfering with the safe and suc- cessful operation of an apparatus is considered to be rainproof.
An electric circuit that controls another circuit through a relay is a remote-control circuit. Conductors from the service point to the service disconnecting point that are made up in the form of a cable are called service conductors. The written consent of the Authority Having Jurisdiction is considered approved consent. An electrical installation which is constructed to protect an apparatus or connection from exposure to the weather is considered to be watertight.
A device that governs the electric power delivered to an apparatus to which it is connected in a pre- determined manner is called a controller. B Article D Article 2. C Article 3. A Article B Article 4. B Article 5. D Article 6. A Article 8. D Article C Article C Article direct mathematical conversions. C Article Hard conversions are rounded C Article off. C Article Coordination C Article Selective D Article , Table C Branch circuits, feeders, service wiring, overcurrent protection, grounding and bonding, surge protec- tion and transient voltage surge suppression TVSS are detailed in this chapter.
These are all funda- mental elements of electrical work, so you should be very clear on the requirements covered in Chapter two. It is all about colors, sizes, current loads, identification and protection. For example, color requirements and other approved means of identifying grounded conductors are listed in Section [ Requirements for branch circuits with combination loads are explained in Arti- cle , and Table [ This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the National Fire Protection Association on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
Wiring Requirements and Protection 25! Identification can include separate color coding, mark- ing tape, tagging, or other approved means.
If color coding is used, no spe- cific colors are mandated. How- ever, Section [ These rules include the following: 1.
Power loss hazard 2. Devices rated amperes or less 3. Tap conductors 4. Motor-operated appliance circuit conductors 5. Motor and motor-control circuit conductors 6. Phase converter supply conductors 7. Air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment circuit conductors 8. Transformer secondary conductors 9. Capacitor circuit conductors Electric welder circuit conductors Remote-control, signaling, and power-limited circuit conductors Fire alarm system circuit conductors All conductors must be protected against overcurrent in accordance with Section [ This requires that the branch circuit, feeder, and service conductors be protected against overcurrent in accordance with their ampacities as specified in Table [ However, Section [ The edition has deleted that section and replaced it with the requirement that these cords must be protected when applied within the listing requirements of the appli- ance or portable lamp.
Anytime equipment grounding is required, it must be in ac- cordance with Article Also, grounding conductors must not be connected to enclosures with sheet metal screws per Section [ Lighting fixtures and equipment are considered grounded when they are me- chanically connected to an equipment grounding conductor as explained in Section [ Flexible metal conduit FMC is approved as a grounding method in Section [ Additionally, if an equipment bonding jumper the connection between two or more sections of an equipment grounding con- ductor—Article is required around FMC, then it must be installed as outlined in Section [ A raceway may be used as an equip- ment grounding conductor as stated in Section [ EMT can serve as an equipment grounding connector per Section [ The minimum size for equipment grounding conductors, grounding raceways, and equipment listed by AWG is found in Table [ Code update Single- point grounding is allowed at the source of a separately derived system with four conditions: 1 A separate equipment grounding conductor is provided at each building and enclosure; 2 Separate neutrals are required only where phase-to-neutral loads are supplied; 3 The neutral shall be insulated and iso- lated from earth, except at one location; 4 An equipment grounding conduc- tor shall be run with the phase conductors.
Surge arrestors, which are the protective devices used to limit surge voltage by either discharging or by- passing the surge current, are covered in Article Article covers transient voltage surge suppressors TVSS. They are: 1. Circuits which are in excess of volts 2.
Any underground systems, impedance grounded systems, and corner grounded delta that are not specifically listed for use on these systems 3. If the TVSS rating is less than the maximum continuous phase-to-ground power frequency voltage which is available at the point of application Section [ So just remember, if a question has to do with branch circuits, feeders, service wiring, overcurrent pro- tection, grounding, bonding, or surge protection, it is covered in Chapter two of the NEC.
The questions are designed so that you can judge your knowledge of the materials in Chapter two. The first section of the test is a True or False ex- ercise and the answer pages include brief review notes of the material as well as the code references. The second part is an overall review quiz of the requirements for installations and materials throughout the Chapter two of the NEC.
When electrical current is given multiple conductive paths on which to flow, current will always take the path of least resistance. It is important to ground metal parts to a suitable grounding electrode, so that in the event of a ground fault, dangerous ground-fault current will be shunted into the earth, away from persons, pro- tecting them against electric shock.
The grounding conductor for a supplementary grounding electrode for example, a ground rod for a machine tool must have the capacity to conduct safely any fault current likely to be imposed on it. This is accomplished by sizing the conductor in accordance with Table Equipment must be grounded so that sufficient fault current will flow through the circuit-protection device to quickly open and clear the ground fault. For example, a 20A circuit breaker will trip and de-energize a V ground fault to a metal pole that is grounded to a 25 ohm ground rod.
Electrical equipment must be grounded to ensure that dangerous voltage on metal parts resulting from a ground fault can be reduced to a safe value. Metal traffic signal poles and handhole covers must be grounded to a suitable grounding electrode to ensure that dangerous voltage on metal parts resulting from a ground fault can be reduced to a safe value.
Grounding of metal manhole covers to a suitable grounding electrode ensures that dangerous volt- age on metal parts resulting from a ground fault can be reduced to a safe value.
Service equipment must be grounded to a grounding electrode to ensure that dangerous voltage on metal parts, caused by a ground fault, can be removed or reduced to a safe value. Service equipment is grounded to a grounding electrode to ensure that metal parts subject to a ground fault remain at the same potential as the earth. Grounding of service equipment to a grounding electrode is necessary to stabilize the system voltage. The grounding of service equipment ensures that all metal parts of equipment with which personnel can come into contact are always at or near zero 0 volts with respect to ground earth.
The metal parts of separately derived systems are grounded to ensure that the voltage, as measured between the metal parts of the electrical installation and the earth, remains at the same potential dur- ing a ground fault.
Separately derived systems must be grounded to a grounding electrode to ensure that dangerous volt- age on metal parts, caused by a ground fault, can be removed or reduced to a safe value. An ungrounded system gets its name from the fact that both the separately derived system and the metal case of the separately derived system are isolated from the ground earth.
Failure to ground the metal case of a transformer to a grounding electrode can result in a dangerous difference of potential between the metal parts of different separately derived systems. The metal case of generators is grounded to a suitable grounding electrode to ensure that dangerous voltage on metal parts, caused by a ground fault, can be reduced to a safe value. Building disconnection means that a remote building supplied by a feeder must be grounded to a grounding electrode to ensure that dangerous voltage on metal parts, caused by a ground fault, can be removed or reduced to a safe value.
The metal disconnecting means that a remote building, supplied by a feeder with an equipment grounding conductor, is not required to be grounded to a grounding electrode.
Outdoor metal light poles must be grounded to a suitable grounding electrode to ensure that danger- ous voltage on metal parts, caused by a ground fault, can be reduced to a safe value. Grounding metal light poles to a grounding electrode helps in reducing damage from a direct light- ning strike to the luminaires on the metal light pole.
Grounding metal light poles to a grounding electrode helps in preventing damage to building wiring and equipment from a lightning strike to one of the metal light poles. Grounding metal light poles to a grounding electrode is necessary to prevent lightning damage to the concrete pole base. Studies have shown that a low-resistive grounding system improves power quality for sensitive elec- tronic equipment.
Single-point grounding improves equipment performance by preventing ground-loop currents. Studies have shown that grounding sensitive electronic equipment to an isolated counter-poise ground improves equipment performance. If an electrical system is properly installed and operating normally, there should be no potential volt- age difference between the neutral terminal and the ground terminal at a receptacle.
Grounding premises wiring to a low-resistive grounding grid can help reduce stray voltage or neu- tral-to-earth voltage on metal parts. A low-resistive earth ground is necessary for the proper operation of transient voltage surge suppres- sors TVSSs. Where a lightning protection system is installed, it must be grounded to an independent grounding electrode without any electrical connections to the building electrical system. A single-family dwelling has three bathrooms each with the following: a lighting fixture, a fan, and one receptacle outlet.
In one of the bathrooms, the lighting fixture, fan, and receptacle outlet are in- stalled on a dedicated 20 ampere circuit. For this dwelling, the minimum number of 20 ampere cir- cuits required to serve the bathrooms is which of the following: a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five 2. One building is supplied power from another building on a non-industrial property with a single owner. The underground feeder is protected by a ampere circuit breaker in the first building.
Qualified persons are not always available to service the installation; therefore, the disconnecting means for the second building must be which of the following: a. Located inside the second building, and is not required to be located near the point where the conductors enter the building b. At the closest practical point where the conductors enter the building, and may be located either inside or outside of the building c. The circuit breaker in the first building d. Located on the outside of the building, near the point where the conductors enter the building 3.
In a single-phase, 3-wire electrical system, the middle conductor must be which of the following: a. Hot b. Grounded c. Ungrounded d. In a 3-wire, single phase electrical system, the nominal voltage must be volts between the un- grounded conductor and the neutral, and the volts between the two ungrounded conductors must be which of the following: a. In a single-phase, 3-wire electrical system, the hot conductors are referred to as which of the follow- ing: a.
Neutral conductors b. Grounded conductors c. Nominal conductors d. Ungrounded conductors 6. The difference between the current of the two ungrounded conductors b. The sum of the current flowing on the two ungrounded conductors c.
The current of the first ungrounded conductor divided by the current of the second ungrounded conductor d. The exposed non-current carrying metal parts of a hand-held cord-and-plug drill must be grounded in which of the following scenarios: a. The power source is greater than volts to ground b. The drill is for residential use c. The drill is being used in a hazardous location d. All of the above 8. If a rod electrode is required for grounding purposes and a layer of rock restricts the rod from being driven into the ground, which of the following alternate methods of installation shall be used: a.
Connect to the nearest steel section of the building b. Connect to the metal water main c. Bury the rod in steel conduit with a minimum of 18 inches of cover 9. The bonding jumper between a supplemental electrode and service equipment shall not be required to be larger then which of the following: a.
The maximum overcurrent device size required to protect a 5-foot length of 1-inch liquid tight flex- ible metal conduit with no equipment grounding conductors and ground listed fitting terminations is which of the following: a. Terminals connected to a grounded conductor shall be identified in which of the following ways: a. Identification shall be substantially white in color b.
Connection must use a terminal screw that is not readily removable and is green in color c. Identification must include an engraved metal tag d. The receptacle example listed below which may be connected to a small appliance branch circuit is which of the following: a. Garage ceiling receptacle for an automatic garage door opener b. Any receptacle which is within 20 feet of the kitchen c. An electric clock plugged in at the dining room d.
An electric hair dryer Open conductors which are not service entrance cables shall not be installed less than which of the following: a. The service disconnection means in a building shall not have more than how many switches or cir- cuit breakers: a.
The total number of underground conductors for an outside lighting circuit on a single common neu- tral conductor is which of the following: a. There is no limit specified d. If an individual 30 amp branch circuit feeds a single non-motorized equipment receptacle, then the receptacle amperage must be which of the following: a.
Conductors run in parallel raceways must have equipment grounding conductors which are which of the following: a. Run in individual raceways b. Supported every 6 inches c. Run in parallel in each raceway d. Protected from excessive temperature A surge arrestor of less than volts nominal shall have a ground connecting conductor which is no smaller than which of the following sizes: a.
When there is more than one nominal voltage system in the building, ungrounded feeder conductors must be which of the following: a. Connected through a transfer switch b. Separately identified c. Run in individual conduits d. Identified using the same color Single-point grounding is allowed at the source of a separately derived system when which of the fol- lowing conditions exists: a. A separate equipment grounding conductor is provided at each building and enclosure b.
The neutral is insulated and isolated from earth, except at one location c. An equipment grounding conductor is run with the phase conductors d. All of the above When measuring the area of a dwelling in order to determine the lighting load, the outside dimen- sions are used, which include any porches, garages, or carports.
Under certain conditions, a feeder neutral may be smaller than the ungrounded conductors in a wiring system. Branch circuit rating is determined by the size of the overcurrent device. The permitted identification of a size 6 AGW or smaller insulated grounded conductor is a contin- uous white outer finish.
An equipment grounding conductor that is run with circuit conductors shall not be electrical metal- lic tubing. The permitted identification of a size 6 AGW or larger insulated grounded conductor is a continu- ous gray outer finish. The minimum size for a surge arrestor conductor is 12 AWG copper.
Circuits over volts but not exceeding volts between conductors shall be permitted to supply power to screw shell type lamp holders. A volt single-phase 15 amp bathroom receptacle must have ground-fault interruption protection. The approved identification of a size 6 AGW or larger insulated grounded conductor is a continu- ous white outer finish. Multi-wire branch circuits shall only supply up to two units of utilization equipment.
A two-wire AC circuit with two ungrounded conductors is permitted to be tapped from ungrounded conductors of circuits that have a grounded neutral conductor. An are-fault circuit interrupter device recognizes certain characteristics unique to arcing and de-en- ergizes the circuit when an arc fault is detected.
All volt single-phase 20 amp branch circuits in a dwelling unit bedroom shall have a combina- tion type arc-fault circuit interrupter. An electric 8 kW range shall have a minimum branch circuit size of 40 amps. A 20 amp receptacle connected to a 20 amp branch circuit supplying two or more outlets shall not have a total cord-and-plug load that exceeds 24 amps.
In a separately derived system, the TVSS shall be connected to the load side of the first overcurrent device. A TVSS device shall not be installed on an impedance grounded system. A surge arrestor shall not be installed on an impedance grounded system.
A volt single-phase 20 amp garage receptacle must have ground-fault interruption protection. An impedance grounded neutral system is permitted if ground detectors are installed on the system. Where more than one building exists on the same property under single management, additional feeders or branch circuits are permitted to supply optional standby systems.
Circuits that do not exceed volts between conductors shall only be permitted to supply power to cord-and-plug devices. A grounded circuit conductor may be used to ground non current-carrying raceways if located on the supply side of an ac service-disconnection means. The minimum size of an equipment grounding conductor used to ground equipment with an auto- matic overcurrent device rated at 40 amps in the circuit ahead of the equipment piece is 8 AWG copper.
Barring any exceptions, equipment grounding conductors that are larger than 6 AWG must be per- manently identified at each end and at every point where the conductor is accessible.
Circuits in excess of volts nominal between conductors shall only be permitted to supply equip- ment located in areas that only a qualified person can access. The approved identification of a size 6 AGW or smaller insulated grounded conductor is three con- tinuous white stripes down the length of a green insulated outer finish. A volt single-phase 20 amp kitchen counter receptacle must have ground-fault interruption pro- tection.
A grounding ring must encircle a building and be in direct contact with the earth. Metal underground gas pipe shall be permitted to be used as a grounding electrode. The circuit breakers used for overcurrent protection of 3-phase circuits must have a minimum of 6 overcurrent relay elements. A fuse must be connected on the load side of an overcurrent relay element.
When there is more than one nominal voltage system in the building, ungrounded feeder conductors may be separately identified by using marking tape. Thermal relays are permitted to be used to protect motor-branch circuits.
An adjustable-trip circuit breaker must be located in a manner that provides restricted access. A single-point grounded neutral system may be supplied from a separately-derived system. Series rating is permitted for motors connected on the load side of an overcurrent device.
A feeder overcurrent device that is not readily available shall be installed with the branch circuit over- current devices on the load side. Fixed lighting units in a dwelling may be supplied by a 30 amp branch circuit. Unless an equipment grounding conductor is bare, it must always be identified with a solid green in- sulated covering.
Ground fault interrupter protection is required for a receptacle over the sink in a bathroom. A wall switch-controlled lighting outlet in a single-family dwelling kitchen shall be permitted to be a receptacle outlet instead of a lighting outlet.
Branch circuit rating is determined by the size of the overcurrent protective device. Branch circuits rated in excess of 20 amps require the use of heavy-duty type lamp holders. A school with electric space heating or air conditioning shall not have the feeder or service load cal- culated by using the optional calculation method. The permitted identification of a size 6 AGW or smaller insulated grounded conductor is which of the following: a.
A continuous white outer finish b. Three yellow stripes down the length of a green insulated conductor c. One blue stripe on a gray insulated conductor d. All of the above 2. Branch circuits shall not be derived from autotransformers unless which of the following exist: a. The grounded conductor is protected from access by unauthorized personnel.
The autotransformer operates at less than volts nominal. The circuit supplied has a grounded conductor that is electrically connected to a grounded con- ductor from the system that supplies the autotransformer. All of the above 3.
A two-wire AC circuit with two ungrounded conductors is permitted to be tapped from ungrounded conductors of circuits that have which of the following: a. Two switching devices b. An automatic multi-pole switch c. A grounded neutral conductor d. The minimum size of an equipment grounding conductor used to ground equipment with an auto- matic overcurrent device rated at 20 amps in the circuit ahead of the piece of equipment is which of the following: a.
The general lighting load for a barber shop is which of the following: a. Electrical systems that are grounded must meet which of the following requirements: a. Be connected to the earth in a way that limits the voltage caused by line surges b.
Be connected to the earth in a manner that will stabilize the voltage to the earth during normal operation c. Both of the above d.
Either of the above 7. An electric 9 kW range shall have a minimum branch circuit size of which of the following: a. In a separately derived system, the TVSS shall be connected in which of the following manners: a.
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