Types of turbines used in thermal power plant pdf

The highly pressurized water is then made to flow via a large pipe called a penstock. The turbine is located at the end of the penstock from where the pressurized water strikes the blades of the turbine at high velocity making it rotate. This turbine is connected to a generator which generates electricity. Water turbines are classified into 2 types-.

In impulse turbines, the number of elliptical half-sized buckets are fitted instead of blades on the rotor hub. When water strikes the buckets at high speed, the rotor starts rotating. In short, the kinetic energy of water gets converted into rotational mechanical energy!

Thus electricity is generated when one end of the turbine shaft is connected to the generator! Example — Pelton turbine. The turbine blades or the impeller blades are designed in such a way that a force is generated on one side when water flows through it just like an airfoil. The force produced by an airfoil is responsible for the lift of an airplane. Similarly here, that force makes the blades rotate. Example — Kaplan turbine. Steam turbines consist not only rotating blades called as rotor but also static blades called as the stator.

This method is called compounding. Also, if you observe, the moving buckets in impulse turbine are designed to get pushed by the steam. In the image : The steam first flows through high pressure H. P turbine followed by intermediate pressure I.

P turbine. Then again after reheating the steam, it is made to flow through low pressure L. P turbines huge set of blades. Gas turbines as a whole system has an axial compressor at the inlet. This air is then supplied to the combustion chamber. Thus a large amount of exhaust gases are produced which are made to flow through turbines. The above mentioned are open cycle gas turbines where the exhaust gases are let directly into the atmosphere.

The other type i. Some wind farms are so big that they could produce 50MW of power. Well, coming to the working of wind turbines, the story remains the same as other turbines. The only problem here is wind turbines rotate at a very low RPM. The output shaft is then connected to the generator. Hydrogen, as the lightest gas, has the lowest density of any stable gas.

Hydrogen is the most easily cooled gas and thus best suited for cooling your base. You will need electrolyzers or a hydrogen vent to produce the hydrogen, gathering it from pockets in the caustic biome would be too much trouble. Cool it with Thermo Regulators depending of the amount of cooling you need.

When cooled to low enough temperatures, hydrogen which on Earth is usually found as a gas can become a solid; at high enough pressures, when the element solidifies, it turns into a metal. Oil is typically used as the sealing medium, and is sprayed on the shaft around the entire circumference of the shaft.

Most industrial generators can be cooled by simply supplying the cooling system with hydrogen. In most industrial complexes, a large-scale generator is supported by a cooling tower. The system removes heat from the engine and disposes of it in the surrounding area. Hydrogen is used as a high-performance gaseous coolant. Its thermal conductivity is higher than all other gases, it has high specific heat capacity, low density and therefore low viscosity, which is an advantage for rotary machines susceptible to windage losses.

Hydrogen Dryers Drying systems based on internally heated regenerative dryers are commonly used to remove moisture from hydrogen gas. Such systems typically consist of a coalescing pre-filter, a loose bed carbon adsorber, a regenerative dryer, an afterfilter, and a blower Figure 2. Hydrogen technology has the capability to serve as a long-term, large-scale clean energy storage medium that aids power generation from renewable sources.

Hydrogen can be produced from a broad variety of fuels such as renewables, nuclear, natural gas, coal and oil. A hydrogen-cooled turbo generator is a turbo generator with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant. Hydrogen-cooled turbo generators are designed to provide a low-drag atmosphere and cooling for single-shaft and combined-cycle applications in combination with steam turbines. The losses resulting from this source are known as copper losses. This power loss equals the power lost due to the heating of the wire used in the generator.

A second important loss in the generator is known as hysteresis loss. Hysteresis sometimes is defined as molecular friction due to the changing magnetic field. Air-Cooled Systems.